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A painful, bony bump on the side of your foot can be frustrating, limiting your ability to walk comfortably and making it difficult to find shoes that fit. If you’ve noticed such a bump near your big toe, chances are you’re dealing with a bunion.

What is a Bunion?

A bunion (medically known as hallux valgus) is a bony protrusion that forms at the base of the big toe joint, where the toe meets the foot. It occurs when the big toe leans inward toward the second toe, causing the joint to jut outward. This misalignment can lead to pain, inflammation, and even arthritis in the joint.

While some people are genetically predisposed to developing bunions due to foot structure, they can also be caused or exacerbated by wearing ill-fitting shoes, especially high heels or narrow-toed footwear. Bunions tend to worsen over time, leading to increasing discomfort and mobility challenges if left untreated.
Signs and Symptoms of Bunions
The main indication of a bunion is a visible bump on the side of your foot at the base of the big toe. However, other symptoms may include:
Persistent pain or tenderness at the site of the bunion.
Swelling and redness around the joint.
Restricted movement of the big toe, making it harder to walk or flex the toe.
Corns or calluses where the toes rub against each other due to misalignment.
Thickened skin at the base of the big toe.
What Causes Bunions?
Bunions develop as a result of uneven pressure on the foot, often related to poor foot mechanics or wearing tight or narrow shoes. Common causes include:

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